The Ion Partition Detected in Homeopathically Manufactured Medicine Cuprum metallicum and Controls

Authors

  • Michel Van Wassenhoven GIRI
  • Professor Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (Bio and Soft Matter). Université Catholique de Louvain. Louvain-la-Neuve. Belgium.
  • Miss PharaHom
  • Doctor Madeleine et Rolland Conte Endowment Fund. Meyzieu. France
  • Doctor Unio Homeopathica Belgica
  • Doctor Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (Bio and Soft Matter). Université Catholique de Louvain. Louvain-la-Neuve. Belgium.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v21icf.1181

Keywords:

Nanoparticles, Particles, Cuprum metallicum, Copper, Lactose, Homeopathy, Potentization, Dynamization, Pharmacology, Scanning Electron Microscopy & Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Sodium hydrogen carbonate, Sodium bicarbonate

Abstract

Background: Homeopathy is highly controversial. The main reason for this is its use of very highly dilute medicines (high homeopathic potencies, HHP), diluted beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. Research using Nano Tracking Analysis has demonstrated the presence of particles in HHPs. This study aims to verify the results of a previous publication that identified the ionic composition of these particles in all dilutions.

Methods: We used Scanning Electron Microscopy & Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to examine dilutions of a commonly used homeopathic medicine, an insoluble metal, Cuprum metallicum, for the presence of particles (NPs). The homeopathic medicines tested were specially prepared according to the European pharmacopoeia standards. We compared the homeopathic dilutions/dynamizations of copper with simple dilutions and dynamized lactose controls.

Results: We observed an ionic diversity common to all preparations including HHPs but also significant differences in the relative quantity of each ion between manufacturing lines of homeopathic copper and lactose controls. The probability that the observed differences could have occurred chance alone (especially above Avogadro limit) can be rejected at p < 0.001. The essential component of these homeopathic medicines is sodium hydrogen carbonate, modulated by some other elements and by its quantity, size and shape.

Conclusion: Homeopathic medicines made of Cuprum metallicum do contain material with a specific ionic composition even in HHPs diluted beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. This specificity can be attributed to the manufacturing process. This material demonstrates that the step-by-step process (dynamized or not) does not match the theoretical expectations of a dilution process. The starting material and dilution/dynamization method influences the nature of these NPs. Further measurements are needed on other raw materials using the same controls (solvent and simply diluted manufacturing lines) to support these findings. The role of sodium bicarbonate must be carefully studied in the future.

Author Biographies

Professor, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (Bio and Soft Matter). Université Catholique de Louvain. Louvain-la-Neuve. Belgium.

Full Professor

SST/IMCN  --  Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences

SST/IMCN/BSMA  --  Bio and soft matter

Scopus Author ID: 7003530798    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-0334

Miss, PharaHom

President PharaHom

Doctor, Madeleine et Rolland Conte Endowment Fund. Meyzieu. France

Researcher

Doctor, Unio Homeopathica Belgica

President

Doctor, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (Bio and Soft Matter). Université Catholique de Louvain. Louvain-la-Neuve. Belgium.

Researcher

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Published

2022-08-25

How to Cite

Wassenhoven, M. V., Nysten, B., Goyens, M., Dorfman, P., Devos, P., & Magnin, D. (2022). The Ion Partition Detected in Homeopathically Manufactured Medicine Cuprum metallicum and Controls. International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206, 21(cf), 67–84. https://doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v21icf.1181

Issue

Section

Fundamental Research (Physics and Chemistry)

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